Vitalik Buterin, along with researcher Toni Wahrstätter, has introduced EIP-7983, proposing a protocol-level cap on transaction gas usage at 16.77 million. This initiative aims to bolster Ethereum's security, stability, and compatibility with zero-knowledge virtual machines (zkVMs). By limiting individual transaction gas, the proposal seeks to mitigate potential denial-of-service attacks and enhance network predictability regarding transaction fees. Currently, a single transaction can consume an entire block's gas limit, leading to unpredictable behavior; the new cap aims to distribute gas consumption evenly. Transactions exceeding the cap will be rejected during block validation. Buterin and Wahrstätter selected 16.77 million to support advanced decentralized finance (DeFi) applications without compromising performance, arguing that it fits most current use cases. While this change is not backward-compatible with transactions beyond this limit, it is expected to have minimal effects on most users and developers. This proposal follows Buterin's earlier calls for improvements to Ethereum's architecture, emphasizing efficiency and security while reducing complexity.

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