Vitalik Buterin and researcher Toni Wahrstätter have proposed EIP-7983, introducing a cap on transaction gas usage at 16.77 million to improve Ethereum’s security and performance. This protocol-level change aims to protect the network against denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, enhance stability, and offer predictability in transaction costs. Capping individual transactions reduces the risk of a single transaction consuming the entire block's gas limit, fostering more equitable gas distribution. The cap is set independently of the overall block gas limit, which can still be adjusted by miners and validators. The limit encourages splitting large transactions into smaller ones for better compatibility with zero-knowledge virtual machines (zkVMs). Although the proposal isn't backward-compatible for transactions exceeding this cap, most current transactions fall well below this threshold, thus minimizing user impact. The authors believe this balance will allow for effective performance in advanced DeFi scenarios without introducing unnecessary risks. EIP-7983 follows previous efforts to enhance transaction predictability within Ethereum's architecture.

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