After recent U.S. airstrikes on Iranian nuclear sites, verifying the destruction of uranium stockpiles presents challenges for international intelligence agencies. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) cannot access the Fordow facility, a key target built deep underground, to confirm the damage. Experts suggest several technologies could aid in the verification process, though none of them can directly detect uranium. For instance, specialized aircraft like the WC-135 can gather atmospheric samples for radioactive isotopes detection, while drones equipped with radiation sensors can identify gamma rays and neutrons when close to the site. Hyperspectral imaging may reveal indirect evidence of activity, such as structural damage or heat signatures. Despite these tools, the sensitivity and limitations of each technology, along with the facility's depth, complicate the verification efforts. Rafael Grossi, IAEA Director General, emphasizes the need for on-ground investigations and diplomatic negotiations to achieve clarity on Iran's nuclear capabilities.

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