A study by researchers at zkSecurity, Prooflab, and Imperial College London indicates that Ethereum layer-2 rollups are mispricing small transactions, which can lead to increased user costs and vulnerability to denial-of-service attacks. The report highlights that current fee models used by rollups like Polygon zkEVM, zkSync, Scroll, Optimism, and Arbitrum collapse multiple cost components into a single pricing formula, resulting in potential exploitation. Specifically, users making low-value transfers may overpay, while attackers could exploit pricing gaps to spam the network with transactions. The authors suggest a need for 'multidimensional' pricing that separately accounts for computation, data availability, and proof costs to enhance fairness and security. This issue is increasingly critical as the rollup ecosystem secures significant assets, making it a target for attackers. As Ethereum's rollup architecture evolves, addressing these pricing mechanisms is essential to maintain network integrity and user confidence.

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