The blockchain industry has attempted to create idealized communities where blockchain serves as a foundational element, but many projects have failed due to regulatory challenges, unrealistic goals, and logistical issues. Various attempts to develop blockchain cities, such as Donald Trump’s controversial Gaza project, highlight the difficulties of integrating blockchain with local governance and community needs. Projects like Akon City in Senegal, which aimed to build a smart city supported by cryptocurrency, struggled to commence due to the COVID-19 pandemic and funding issues. Other initiatives, like CityDAO in Wyoming, attempted to leverage legal developments for governance but faced obstacles such as zoning laws. Conversely, the community of Liberstad in Norway stands out as a successful model, having established a functioning community based on anarchist principles, using cryptocurrency for transactions. These examples underscore that while blockchain offers exciting possibilities, the complexities of real-world governance and community dynamics often hinder ambitious projects.

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