A coalition of 112 crypto companies, investors, and advocacy groups has urged the US Senate to include explicit protections for software developers and non-custodial service providers in market structure legislation. In a letter addressed to the Senate Banking and Agriculture Committees, signatories including Coinbase, Kraken, Ripple, and a16z emphasized the need to ensure that developers and non-custodial actors are not misclassified as intermediaries under outdated financial regulations. Their push highlights concerns that without strong protections, the US risks losing ground in open-source blockchain development, with data indicating a decline in the US share of blockchain developers from 25% in 2021 to 18% in 2025. The letter calls for nationwide protections to create an environment conducive to innovation and to mitigate conflicting state laws. Senator Cynthia Lummis indicated that a digital asset market structure bill could be introduced by year-end, with the aim of having it advanced through legislative committees by September and October, respectively.

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